ABSTRACT
Liver disease has become one of the major health problems in the world, and the death rate is going rapidly toincrease. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the emerging, development, and the progression of liver diseases.Ethnobotanical research has an undoubted profound impact on the development of numerous new drugs. The aimof this research, therefore, was to examine the antioxidant activities of 14 selected plants used for treating liverdiseases by traditional healers of Indonesia ethnicities and to classify these plants using chemometrics of principalcomponent analysis (PCA). The extraction using methanol as the solvent was performed with two stages maceration.Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were determined by Folin–Ciocalteau and AlCl3 method, respectively,whereas antioxidant activity was estimated using 2,2′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging,trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Among 19methanol extracts of 14 plants, the leaves of Baccaurea racemosa, Macaranga subpeltata, and Piper sp. showed thehighest antioxidant properties. The phenolic content correlated with TEAC, FRAP, and DPPH radical scavengingactivity, while flavonoid did not significantly affect these antioxidant activity methods. PCA successfully classifiedthe plant samples using the variables of antioxidant activities and phenolic-flavonoid contents. The selected plantshave promising antioxidant properties which support their utilization for either liver diseases medication or oxidativestress-related diseases prevention
ABSTRACT
Ribosome Inactivating Proteins [RIPs] isolated from Mirabilis jalapa L. [MJ protein] leaves showed high cytotoxic effect on malignant. Chitosan nanoparticles have frequently been used in protein delivery applications. The aim of this study was to develop targeted drug delivery system of RIP MJ for breast cancer therapy with chitosan nanoparticles conjugated antiEpCAM antibody. RIP MJ nanoparticles were prepared using low viscous chitosan and pectin using polyelectrolit complex method, followed by conjugation process with antiEpCAM antibody. Characterization of this formula was then carried out for its entrapment efficiency, particles size, zeta potential, morphology using transmission electron microscope [TEM] and cytotoxic assay against T47D and Vero cell line. The optimal concentration of MJ protein; low viscous chitosan; pectin for preparing AntiEpCAM conjugated of RIP MJ nanoparticles was 0.1%; 0.01%;1% [m/v] respectively and showed satisfactory formula with the average particle size of 376.8 +/- 105.2nm, polydispersity index [PI] 0.401, zeta potential 43,71 mV, high entrapment efficiency 98,97 +/- 0,12%. Transmission electron microscope [TEM] imaging showed a spherical and homogenous structure for nanoparticles. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that RIP MJ nanoparticle had more cytotoxic effect compared to unformulated RIP against T47D cell-lines. AntiEpCAM conjugated RIP MJ nanoparticles however, increased cytotoxic effect of RIPs on Vero cell-lines not for T47D cell-lines. Chitosan-Pectin nanoparticles suitable for delivering protein to target cancer cells
ABSTRACT
Today, virgin coconut oil [VCO] is becoming valuable oil and is receiving an attractive topic for researchers because of its several biological activities. In cosmetics industry, VCO is excellent material which functions as a skin moisturizer and softener. Therefore, it is important to develop a quantitative analytical method offering a fast and reliable technique. Fourier transform infrared [FTIR] spectroscopy with sample handling technique of attenuated total reflectance [ATR] can be successfully used to analyze VCO quantitatively in cream cosmetic preparations. A multivariate analysis using calibration of partial least square [PLS] model revealed the good relationship between actual value and FTIR-predicted value of VCO with coefficient of determination [R[2]] of 0.998
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Cosmetics/analysis , Lipids/chemistry , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Calibration , Research Support as Topic , Reproducibility of Results , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredABSTRACT
Green tea is an aqueous infusion of dried unfermented leaves of Camellia sinensis. Numerous biological activities of green tea have been reported. The aqueous infusion and its polyphenolic substance are known for their activity as an antimutagenic, antibacterial, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, and mutagenic of B lymphocyte. Studies have demonstrated that green tea polyphenols increase IL-12 production. Salmonella spp infection is an important public health problem in many countries. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI), especially T-cell help is important for protection against this infection. Recent evidence indicates that IL-12 is one such factor that plays a crucial role in the development of CMI. These studies were carired out to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenols to the immune cellulare in mice responses of mice during Salmonella typhimurium infection. The subject consisted of 36 female mice (Balb/C), 6-8 weeks old, divided into 3 groups. The first group was given 10 mg polyphenols/mouse, the second group was given 5 mg polyphenols/mouse, and the third group as the control. In day 31, all mice were infected with 108 CFU Salmonella typhimurium orally. On day 0, 3, 5, and 7 postinfection, 3 mice from each groups were sacrificed, the splenocytes were extracted and cultured to measure the level of IFN-g in the supernatan and. The peritoneal macrophages were also extracted and cultured to measure the phagocytic activity. The level of IFN-g in splenocyte culture supernatant increased during infection in all groups, but the level of the experimental groups were higher than in control group. The percentage of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages were higher in the experimental groups than in the control group. The increase of the phagocytic activities were seen corelate with the level of IFN-g supernatan splenocyte culture.